The Efficiency of Hybrid Cars Essay -- Hybrid Cars Car Gasoline Effici

The Efficiency of Hybrid Cars Transportation is a large concern in todays modern world. Most individuals perplex opted to buy vehicles for their personal use. Most of these vehicles consume screw upoline and a smaller proportion is hybrid based. These two types of vehicles have legion(predicate) similarities. The two such vehicles bear an energy source and both types of vehicles provide an important function to society. That function is to provide people with a reliable form of transportation. Although these two types of vehicles have many similarities, their differences are what distinguish them. Hybrid vehicles are more cost effective, environmentally sound, and safe than the standard gasoline vehicles in the long run.Cost is a gravestone factor to consumers in determining what vehicle to purchase. On average hybrid vehicles cost fifteen hundred dollars more than the standard gasoline vehicle. However, this extra write down is well invested. A hybrid vehicle can reach sixty- one miles per gallon, whereas a typical gasoline vehicle can only reach xxviii miles per gallon. Currently gas costs two dollars and ten cents per gallon. The average individual can be expected to drive fifteen miles per year. This amounts to a total gas expense of eleven hundred dollars. If one were to own a hybrid vehicle this expense would eventually pay for the extra fifteen hundred dollars that was necessary to buy a hybrid car. In two years one would expect to have saved over seven hundred dollars and in t...

Behavior Change Theories and Strategies Essay -- Psychology, Cognitive

To begin with,a health practisioner may fascilate behaviour change in an individual(a) with a health risk behaviour through the application of unalike behaviour change theories and strategies.In general,health risk behaviours be actions which may threaten an individuals health causing negative effects(Barkway,2009).Until the mid 20th century,global health threats were primarily a result of infectious and communicable diseases.However,recently in developed countries,health threats are now represent by diseases in which lifestyle play a role in the causation and or management of illness.For instance,the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease,a booster cable cause of disease burden are tobacco smoking,high blood pressure and high colesterol level which are eventually related to health behaviour and lifestyle(Barkway,2009).This leaven willing first introduce the health risk behaviour,in this case,smoking.Secondly,it will decribes the theories or models of behaviour ch ange, which are thecognitive and non cognitive theories, transtheoritical model of behaviour change and motivational interwiewing.Lastly,it will mention the different health strategies and how it aids in bringing about behaviour change followed by the conclusion.Jones(as cited in Jons and Creedy,2008) states that large proportion of the morbidity and fatality rate associated with lifestyle diseases is preventable.It is also estimated that 25 % of all cancer deaths and a large propotion of deaths from coronory heart disease and stroke could be prevented by modifying just one behaviour,that is,cigratte smoking(Taylor as cited in Jons and Creedy,2008).In addition,Allen(as cited in Jons and Creedy,2008) sta... ... and withdrawal symptoms. Currently, bupropion (Zyban) and varenicline (Chantix) are the only two medications that dont contain nicotine which are approved as smoking cessation aids. These anti-smoking pills are intended for short-term use.(Lhrar,Segal&Smith,2008).To sum up, it seems that a health practisioner can fascilate behaviour change through the understanding and application of various behaviour change theories, and different considerable strategies.The different theories seem to educate and guide a health practisioner through the processes of behaviour change . It is also noted that, behaviour change requires willingness or determination from an individual with a health risk behaviour and a health practisioners knowledge on how and through what strategies to bring about that change to come through the goal of fascilating behaviour change.

Isaiah Chapter 10 Essay -- Religion, God

The pericope of that I choose for this reflection paper is Isaiah 111-9. The preceding literature unit of this pericope focuses on the topic how paragon uses Assyria for His redemptive purpose. In Isaiah 105, Isaiah explains the role of Assyria in Gods plan. Assyria is the gat of Gods anger. He uses it to punish Israel and Judah because they atomic number 18 two godless nations but full of idols (Isaiah 106,11). After Gods angers are poured egress on two countries, the heart of Assyria becomes boastful. God turns His anger on His rod and punishes Assyria. In Isaiah 1012-19, Assyria is depicted as a decent forest and the judgment of God is portrayed as an axe leave alone swing and chop down this mighty forest. Assyria will be destroyed and reduced to a very small number that a child can count (Isaiah 1019). After the section about the destruction of Assyria, the text turns to the proclamation of the return of the remnant of Israel. The focal point of the text zooms out in the last verse line of Isaiah chapter 10 to bring aside the final scene in which the remnant of Israel will return to their land while in the background Assyria is destroyed. The once mighty forest is no more.After God abandons Assyria as His rod at the end of Isaiah chapter 10, in the beginning of Isaiah chapter 11, God will raise up a shoot from the stump of Jesse (Isaiah 111). This shoot from the stump of Jesse is personified as He and this Person is endowed with the Spirit of the Lord in Isaiah 112. He will provide justice for all. His reign will be characterized with righteousness and faithfulness (Isaiah 113-5). This reign of righteousness and faithfulness leads to many profound impacts and drastic changes to the on the whole creation. The hostilities between predators and preys, b... ...ath had shown all its power at the death of Jesus Christ on the cross. The resurrection of Jesus Christ presented the power of the Holy Spirit who would transform and brought forth a new life out of the dead body, dead spirit, and dead mind of human.This theme, God will bring forth new life out of the death, will have its final in the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. For all who are faithful unto their death, they will be risen up once more with the new heavenly, imperishable body (1 Corinthians 1535-49). Death is not an absolute ending of human life anymore. In the opposite, death is a requisite for entrance a new life with Jesus Christ when he comes back to this earth the second time. At the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, all who are faithful until death will be risen up. They will live forever in the glory of God and worship Him for eternity (Revelation 79-17).

College Success Essay -- essays research papers

Skills That Are Important For College SuccessUniversity Of PhoenixGen 300Skills For Professional DevelopmentIt seems in the society we live in today, having a college degree is a necessity. Years ago it was the norm for people to just go right into a full time job after proud civilise, if they even finished high school they did this to support their families. In todays society a person has a difficult time becharmting a decent job without a college degree. During an adults accomplishmenting life, bachelor degree calibrates will earn about $2.1 million and a high school graduate can expect to earn an average of $1.2 million (Day and Newburger, 2002). This is quite a difference and it puts a college knowledge in perspective. With college come the skills needed to be successful. both student who enters into a college level program needs to bring some very useful skills with them. The first is the maturity to know that college isnt high school and the discipline level needs to b e higher. The classes on a college level are more demanding and require a whole laundry list of skills. To play along maturity would be critical view skills. According to Keys to College Studying a Lifelong Learner chapter 4, critical thinking is thinking that goes beyond the basic regress of information. The college student needs to question why something is the way it is, this is the way we learn. A college student will get more out of a cause if they question it. Why does that reference need to be cited that way? How does that formula work and will it work if I use it in this manner? A high school student takes something a teacher tells them and for the most part doesnt question it. A college student should apply his or her critical thinking skills and pull the concept apart. When we do this we learn so much more. Time annihilatement is a key skill for college students to master. A person who can manage their schedule and personal responsibilities effectively can make the mo st out of a college students most precious resource, time (Study Skills, USF 2005). Time attention goes hand in hand with goal setting. In order to effectively manage your time you need to set short endpoint and long term goals and then link those goals to your values (Keys to College Studying, Carter Bishop, and Kravits, 2002). After we set goals we need to prioritize them to make sure ... ...lement this process in my school work. Thinking by means of situations kind of of rushing in to finish quickly is part of my plan. I need to be more methodical at how I approach my school work and I need to be more disciplined. Discipline is probably my biggest culprit when it comes to school work. I love to postpone and cut corners if I can anything to get things done faster. What I need to do is become more disciplined with my time management and if I do that I will have check control of my time. Once I have better control of my time I can start making more time for the readings that I procrastinate on. I value the college education that I am getting and I try not to take for it for granted. With the rising cost of education in this domain and the importance that employers are placing on education. I plan to continue honing the skills I have learned and I hope to learn new ones to make my education that much more enjoyable. The best way I can implement my plan is to become more disciplined with the way I do it. In the future I can only hope that my son sees the value in a good education and is disciplined enough to see it through to a degree.

Changes in Ritas Character throughout Educating Rita Essay -- Educati

Changes in Ritas Character throughout Educating RitaWith reference to the social context of the play, discuss the ways inwhich Willy Russell shows the changes in Ritas character throughoutEducating Rita.In the play Educating Rita by Willy Russell there are two maincharacters, Rita and weenie. Rita is a twenty six social class old uneducatedhairdresser. She wants a better life for herself she wants to micturatean education. She didnt get a full education at school as she says,See, if Id started takin school seriously, I would have had tobecome different from me mates, an thats not allowed. This showsRita felt she could never take education seriously because it was forthe wimps and she didnt want to be different to her friends, andher family didnt regard education as being important. She goes tothe inconsiderate University to further her education in English literature. In the Open University there is a professor called Frank, he will betutoring Rita. Frank has a drinking problem a nd he also thinks he isa drear teacher. He says, Everything I know and you must listen to this is that I know absolutely nothing. He thinks literature and high culture have given him nothing in life to value, thats why he thinks so poorly of his job. In the play Willy Russell tries to show the ways in which Frank andRita communicate. When Rita first walks into Franks room she is fullof questions, she has a lot to say. It seems as though she is full oflife. Frank describes Rita, Do you know, I think youre the first hint of fresh air thats been in this room for years. Frank likesit that Rita is different from his other students because the thingsshe says come to her naturally. Rita has not been tr... ...ere she is eager to learn, as she says,..if you want to change, y have to do it from the inside, donty? know like Im doin. This shows Rita wants to change. She alsogoes to summer school in order to learn more than by going to summerschool it boosts her self-confidence. Then she m oves in with someonecalled Trish, who she admires and now because she has changed, has alot in common with her. The things Rita has done, which are to have interpreted great lengths ingetting an education, show how serious she is about her desire to wantto change herself. She even separates from her husband for the reasonthat she chose education instead of him, in an ultimatum her gaveher. She has tried so expectant to succeed and now that she has, I thinkthat is being realistic. No one handed her an education on a plate,she worked hard for it, I this that is realistic.

Changes in Ritas Character throughout Educating Rita Essay -- Educati

Changes in Ritas Character throughout Educating RitaWith reference to the social context of the play, discuss the ways inwhich Willy Russell shows the changes in Ritas character throughoutEducating Rita.In the play Educating Rita by Willy Russell in that respect are two maincharacters, Rita and Frank. Rita is a twenty six year grizzly uneducatedhairdresser. She sine qua nons a better life for herself she wants to havean education. She didnt get a full education at school as she says,See, if Id started takin school seriously, I would have had tobecome different from me mates, an thats not allowed. This showsRita felt she could never take education seriously because it was forthe wimps and she didnt want to be different to her friends, andher family didnt regard education as being important. She goes tothe Open University to further her education in English literature. In the Open University there is a professor called Frank, he will betutoring Rita. Frank has a drinking problem and he also thinks he isa bad teacher. He says, Everything I know and you must listen to this is that I know absolutely nothing. He thinks literature and high culture have given him nothing in life to value, thats why he thinks so poorly of his job. In the play Willy Russell tries to show the ways in which Frank andRita communicate. When Rita first walks into Franks room she is fullof questions, she has a lot to say. It seems as though she is full oflife. Frank describes Rita, Do you know, I think youre the firstbreath of unobjectionable air thats been in this room for years. Frank likesit that Rita is different from his other students because the thingsshe says come to her naturally. Rita has not been tr... ...ere she is eager to learn, as she says,..if you want to change, y have to do it from the inside, donty? know like Im doin. This shows Rita wants to change. She alsogoes to summer school in order to learn more by going to summerschool it boosts her self-confidence. Then she m oves in with someonecalled Trish, who she admires and now because she has changed, has alot in common with her. The things Rita has done, which are to have taken considerable lengths ingetting an education, show how serious she is about her desire to wantto change herself. She even separates from her husband for the reasonthat she chose education instead of him, in an ultimatum her gaveher. She has move so hard to succeed and now that she has, I thinkthat is being realistic. No one handed her an education on a plate,she worked hard for it, I this that is realistic.

Death of a Salesman Essay

What techniques does Arthur Miller enjoyment to cotton up the conflict between past and present in Death of a Salesman? How do these techniques likewise demonstrate his main themes? Death of a Salesman is set in a time when the capitalist administration is changing. It is set in the late 1940s, not enormous after the Wall Street crash in 1929. Willy Loman is unable to adjust to these changes and therefore, there is conflict between the past, where his dreams were achievable, and the present, where he has fallen foul of the capitalist system and is no longer any use to the firm.These conflicts are personified in Willy, and Arthur Miller uses a number of techniques to highlight this. The techniques Miller uses represent Willys mind and they recognise between past and present. These theatrical methods also help to demonstrate the main themes in Death of a Salesman. These theatrical methods include music, lighting, wall-lines, scenery, the use of leaves and also use of costumes. I n my essay I plan to explain what each method conveys to the audience and show how Miller uses these methods effectively to highlight the conflicts.Music is used to highlight significant points and themes in the play. Also, the type of music sets the mood for a scene. It creates atmosphere and conveys to the audience the emotions of the characters. Also, silence can highlight a particular scene. The absence of music means that the audience focuses entirely on the conversation taking place. In Death of a Salesman, flute music is heard constantly throughout the succession of the play. It bridges the play, as it is heard both at the beginning and the end.The flute music evokes a faraway, idyllic world, representing the past. It also represents a contrast between Willy and his father. Willys father was a pioneer he made flutes and sold his own products. Willy, on the other hand, has to sell other peoples goods to make a living. A good example of music being used to set the scene is at the beginning of the restaurant scene. The lights have blacked out signifying the end of the anterior scene Suddenly rollicking music is heard. This is setting the mood of the scene for the audience. It shows that the atmosphere is happy and lively. This is to show the mood of the present time. It is a contrast to the past. By having rollicking music, Miller is highlighting this contrast. This links to the theme of Happy and shows more of an insight into his character. Happy has chosen this restaurant and it shows the kind of life he lives, and this is a contrast to Willy.

Nursing Image

Common perspective sees nurses as secondary craft in the medical treatment environment. However, the public is often unawarfaree of the signification of the profession toward daily activities of the medical system. Recent articles and researches revealed increasing roles of nurses.An article by Patricia Foster and J.M Whitworth, for example, revealed the importance of nursing profession in telemedicine and treat for child abuse. Advances of communion technology have created a system that enables trained nurses to play a significant role in the psychological investigation of abused children (Foster & Whitworth, 2005).A nonher read suggested that nurses are also playing a significant part in the issue of medical waste. The International Council for Nurses has agreed to socialize a new step that encourage nursing organization to educate nurses in terms of medical waste awareness (Medical Waste, 2005).Despite being seen as secondary role, the profession is still positively valued b y most aspects of the society. General image of a nurse is still largely positive as seen in some(prenominal) popular Hollywood motion turn ins. As movies is in fact, the quickest way to determine a societys perspective toward a certain fictional character or profession, it is reasonable to use popular movies in order to assess the present image of nurses and their roles in common medical treatment process. Within this unawares elaboration, we will assess the image and roles of nurses, from the movie, Pearl Harbor.II. AssessmentWithin the movie, Pearl Harbor, the nurses are seen as one of the mail roles. Their presence is shown from the beginning of the movie, but their agile roles are presented in a special segment of the movie, showing dramatic scenes. The movie displays that the nurse profession requires professionalism and intelligence as well as psychological strength in certain successions and conditions.There were times that the nurses need to perform unorthodox treatm ent method in order to cope with the suppressing conditions. As shown in the motion picture, adaptation and creativity to face unexpected circumstances are necessary to provide the best care for diligents. nearlytimes, they work together with non-medical personnel because the lack of sufficient number of available nurses.Within the special segment of the movie, the nurses are shown to assume control of the situation. This is logical due to the emergence of the event that took place. However, they unbroken their places under orders from the doctors, to preserve medical order and good coordination between the medical personnel. The doctors are shown to have more authority and do most of the talking. Nevertheless there are circumstances where young and inexperienced doctor require experienced nurses to guide and support them. In the absence of available doctors, the nurses are shown to take heraldic bearing of the medical treatment process.Nurses are shown to be in various age in the movie. However, there is no significant scene that presents the image of nurses are men. some (or all) of the nurse characters are female. There is a strong image that nurses are commonly female, single and physically attractive. This image is shown in the beginning of the movie. However, feminist should not be alarmed, because as the movie proceed to the dramatic scenes, the nurses are shown to be women of character that inspire the value of humanism and passionate to provide aid toward others.I have also captured the difference of values between nurses and other profession within the movie. Soldiers are shown to be a lot more aggressive, dominant and offhand compare to nurses. These images are perhaps reasonable because their profession demands them to be bold and somewhat careless. The nurses on the other hand, are shown to be careful, organized, highly stable, non-violence human beings that perpetrate their lives to the care of others, instead of creating any form of ha rm. The profession of nurses could be identified with intelligent and confident characters, but hardly ever ambitious.The nurses in this motion picture are shown to help manage the medical treatment process. Some nurses are shown to be capable, despite their lack of experience in handling such circumstances. Some others crack under pressure, which is -under the circumstances-, understandable. The nurses are shown to support each other medically as well as mentally. In one of the scenes, the movie even displayed that a nurse is trusted by the head doctor to choose between those salvageable and those cannot be saved. I am not sure about the accident of this event to take place in real life, but the scene does display the significant role of nurses in medical emergency.ReferenceFoster, Patricia., & Whitworth, J M. (2005). The consumption of Nurses in Telemedicine and Child Abuse. Retrieved September 26, 2005 from http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/506916?rssMedical Waste Role of Nurs es and Nursing. n.d. Retrieved September 26, 2005 from http//www.icn.ch/psmedwaste.htmNursing ImageA memorable and attractive nurse image is imbed in the movie The English Patient in the face of Hana, a young French-Canadian nurse skillfully played by Juliette Binoche. Hana is one of the central images of the plot, appearance in present part of the film that intersperses present with reminiscences of the past. She does an exceptional job tending to the English patient who is surviving only thanks to her determination, perseverance and commitment.She twain performs her professional duties towards the patient and develops a personal attitude towards the mutilated man left in her care. Hana seems to be in love with her patient who is far from sexually attractive with his maimed body, perhaps as extrapolation of her caring attitude towards him.Hana is put in a difficult situation, tending to the patient all alone at the time of the war. Her experience shows that a nurses job can at t imes be extremely challenging as nurses have to fall out their patients through the most difficult of times and deliver care equally in the time of peace and war. Hanas job involves many things she delivers professional care to the patient, washing his wounds and giving him morphine, reads aloud to him, but also fixes the villa and does the gardening. Hana is left alone with her patient there are no other medical professionals in the vicinity, and she is the bushel decision-maker in her professional actions, which underscores the importance of her nursing role.Hana is a really likeable character, mainly because of her personal character and her determination to patient care. She is only twenty when the war starts and makes her mature in the shortest possible time. She is so determined to her work that she cuts her hair after three days in the war and pledges to skip looking in the mirror until it ends. This shows how much her nursing means to her as she is ready to get rid of wh at made her feminine attraction to be able to deliver flavor care to her patients.However, Hana is not devoid of natural womens desires she gets attracted to men, exemplified in her relations with Kip, who later becomes her lover, and the English patient himself who she admires secretly as a man who suffered his wounds in the cruel and heroic warfare. Hanas relationship with the English patient is a complex cobweb of professional commitment and the burgeoning love of the young woman for a man she sees as ideal. Hana is young and attractive, and the viewer takes her infatuation with men as a natural order of things, because it does not seem to interfere with her professionalism.Thus, Hana demonstrates the values of service to others and humanism, since she does not limit her care to professional interactions, but is ready to take the patient as a human being. She maintains his belief in the favorable endpoint of the treatment and makes him feel that he should make an effort to surv ive, since it is personally important to her. There is not much in the movie to depict Hanas taking into custody of scholarship or achievement, though. Maybe the reason is that Hana just happened to become a nurse because she wanted to make a contribution to her nation in the time of the war and does not see her future as connected with nursing career.Rather, Hana attends to her duties with a Christian attitude that intertwines the requirements of the nursing profession with the religious beliefs. She talks of her patient as a saint and compares his bones to those of Christ. This religious background clearly serves as an important motivator for Hana, inspiring her in her nursing activities.Hana wins recognition with the contact heap thanks to her role in providing care. Eventually, she succeeds in building a little world around herself that unites the thief Caravaggio, the English patient, the Indian sapper Kip, and herself. All these people find consolation in their association with a lovable woman who also has a caring and affectionate character. Hana wins the affection of the viewer, too, by being good professional and at the same time deeply humane. BibliographyThe English Patient. Dir. Anthony Minghella. 1996.

Commercialising from the bottom up: Onions in central Tanzania

Key points With minimal assistance and direction, small farmers in central Tanzania strike created thriving plots of irrigated onions, marketed in Dar, other parts of Tanzania and in the region. Lack of ceremonious credit has not prevented many farmers fertilising their crops heavily. Two villages give up been able to overcome poor road access. Informal marketing work well enough traders obtain small margins on the onions they buy and sell. Farmers atomic number 18 reluctant to co-operate in production or marketing still the irrigation depends on local water associations and these function. organisation and conferrer roles have largely been keeping the peace, a stable macro-economy and investing in physical infrastructure the roads, and upgrading the irrigation intakes. Provision of schools and health posts have brought service to the villages. and outcomes. Surveys of 240 households have been complemented by interviews with groups of farmers, elders and key informants. T he study Since 2009, researchers from Sokoine University of Agriculture have been studying four villages in central Tanzania see Map, where onions ar educaten under irrigation for sale to domestic and regional markets.Two of the villages, Ruaha and Malolo, ar located close to the main Dar-Iringa highway, while the other two, Lumuma and Moswero, have much poorer access down long and difficult dirt roads. The studies are designed to understand and explain the role of commercialisation in the villages, the processes involved FAC look Update 004 www. future-agricultures. org Research Update Box A How things began village account statement Irrigation began at Ruaha-Mbuyuni when Mohamed Nganyali, a fisherman from Iringa, moved to the village.He showed others how to use traditional intakes to raise water level in the river so that it rear flow into universe canals. During that time the rainfall was enough for a typical rainfed cropping of field crops such as maize, simsim and sorgh um. This intake was upgraded by government in 1963, after which people started to grow onions with seeds from neighbouring villages. As word spread, the village saw incomers seeking irrigated plots. The valley of Malolo was settled by Wasagara, later joined by Wahehe who fled the German war against chief Mkwawa in Iringa in the late C19 attracted by the water.In-migration accelerated after 1961. The irrigation intakes were upgraded in 2002, with 24 km of main canals lined funds for the work came from Japanese aid. The depression settler in Lumuma was Byalumuma who gave his name to the place and its river. Subsequently settlers have come from all over Tanzania In 1975 onion farming was boosted by extension services demonstrating improved techniques. The irrigation intakes were upgraded in 2003, thanks to Danish funding through the Agricultural Sector maturement Programme.A recent memorable date is September 2008, when the firstly mobile phone signals arrived after installation of a local mast. Msowero was first settled by two Wakaguru and two Wasagara families who came for the chance to irrigate. The numbers rose shrewdly after ujamaa villagisation in 1975 which saw a school built. Its irrigation was upgraded as part of the works for Lumuma in 2003, since they draw on the same stream. Sources Interviews with elders and other key informants What can be seen in the villages? Commercial production of onions began when farmers, shown how to do it by an ncomer in the 1960s, diverted water from the streams that flow off surrounding hills to irrigate small plots on the flood plain. Box A tells more of the history of the villages. Later farmers soon realised that onions were a profitable crop on the irrigated land and began to specialise in their cultivation. Onions are sold to traders, mainly small-scale operators who lack their own transport, who buy and bag the onions, then hire trucks to take them to Dar and Mbeya, and sometimes beyond to Zanizibar, the Comoros , and south to Malawi and Zambia.Onions are sold on spot deals to whoever arrives and offers a good price. There are plenty of traders and although farmers complain of their lack of bargaining power, the marketing chains appears competitive. Some farmers are making use of the ubiquitous mobile phones to arrange times for traders to come and collect harvests, and to check prices in distant markets. The villages have few alternatives to farming, but the onion trade has given them a living that they could not aspire to from growing food crops see Figure A, showing returns to crops.Figure A Returns to land and aim in the four villages, median values in US$ One surprising finding is that many of the farmers who are most engaged in irrigated onions have few or no food crops. Instead they seem to be obtaining most of their maize and other staples from neighbours who grow a surplus on rainfed fields. Surveys in rural Africa usually find farmers preferring to grow their own staples on part of their land, even when they have more profitable cash crops. Research Update 003 www. future-agricultures. org What has make the difference?Most of what has happened has come from the initiative of local farmers, linked to traders who are mainly small operators from other rural areas. It was the farmers who built rustic offtakes, diverted the water, levelled the plots and versed how to grow onions. Almost all the capital invested is local very few farmers obtain credit, yet they apply 135175 kg/ha of make fertiliser on their plots. Almost all of them finance this from their retained earnings. At first sight, government has played a minor role. But that would be unfair.Government has ensured a stable economy where farmers can invest, innovate and market their crops. It has also built roads, maintained them. The villages have schools and health posts. When disasters have struck in the ago major droughts and floods, government has provided some relief. In one case, onion produce rs benefited from extension. Most interesting of all, government guided two donors, Denmark and Japan, to the villages where they funded the modernisation of the intakes. Ideal aid the donors further helped the farmers improve on what they were already doing, without trying to tell them what to do.The irrigation systems are maintained by the farmers, through water users associations. Marketing susceptibility be improved by farmers investing in storage allowing them to extend sales to the months when onion prices rise. Use of text messages to the mobile phones could supply them with regular price updates that would help them make demote decisions on selling. There are threats. Population has been rising steadily in the area, as farmers from dryland areas come looking for irrigated plots. Rents correspondingly are rising.With a heavy tightness on onions, there is always the threat of disease or a new pest that could spell disaster. Moreover, the onions are so profitable, one wonder s how long before more villages take up the crop and begin to compete in the market. For the two remote villages, there is the prospect that one day the road pull up stakes be improved at the moment they are less than 40 km from district headquarters at Kilosa, but cannot drive there straight off and instead have to take a circuitous route where it takes five hours to reach the Dar to Dodoma tarmac highway.The road to Kilosa has been in development plans for some years, but it has yet to be built. What are we going to look at next? Current studies are looking at the water associations. These function well enough they have to, water supply is vital. Yet farmers do not co-operate in production, marketing or almost anything else. The question then is, when people are reluctant to co-operate, how do the water bodies work and what is the secret of their success? Next year it is intended to go back and resurvey the farmers, so that changes can be tracked through time. What might the fu ture hold?Some scope exists to improve onion cultivation through use of certified, improved varieties instead of relying on the sometimes variable superior of local seed. Research Update 003 www. future-agricultures. org This Research Update was written by Khamaldin Mutabazi, Ntengua Mdoe & Steve Wiggins of the Future Agricultures Consortium. The series editor is Beatrice Ouma. Further information about this series of Research Updates at www. future-agricultures. org The Future Agricultures Consortium aims to encourage critical debate and policy dialogue on the future of agriculture in Africa.The Consortium is a alliance between research-based organisations across Africa and in the UK. Future Agricultures Consortium Secretariat at the University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RE UK T +44 (0) 1273 915670 E emailprotected org Readers are encouraged to quote or cat material from Future Agricultures Briefings in their own publications. In return, the Future Agricultures Consortium requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. FAC appreciates the support of the UK Department for International Development (DfID)

Baxton Technology

Student name Joseph Maloney Student number 10391669 Word count 940 I hereby establish that this project is entirely of my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of the project. subscribe _____________ Alkermes human resource (HR) strategy is all ab bug out acquiring employees who show personal initiative and who get satisfaction of knowing that they atomic number 18 helping to obtain a difference in the lives of millions of people every day.Alkermes ultimate goals ar to develop medicines that address unmet patient trains, to help its customers live happier, healthier lives. The Athlone facility of Elan must choose a strategy that supports the corporate objectives of Alkermes. They must align and prioritise the various activities of the strategy to accomplish their objectives. HR strategies need to simultaneously focus on building skills, motivation and behaviour for a successful business strategy. In my opinion the generic HR strategy almost appropriate to align with Alkermes corporate strategy, is the resource-based view (RBV) model.The RBV model works towards identifying the firms potential key resources and developing and manipulating them to build a value-creating strategy. When Alkermes decided to desegregate with Elan one of their main reasons for doing so was that they could use Elans most valuable resource, the Elan drug technologies (EDT) unit. The EDT develops proprietary drug technologies that can be applied to a number of products, improving the effectiveness of the drugs. With Alkermes now having obtained a technological resource with a rarity that will help them gain a competitive advantage over their rivals, they must now focus on their human resources.They look to acquire talented employees who show initiative and feel right-hand(a) about improving peoples health. Combing and developing these resources will help them build a strong RBV mo del. When Alkermes employees are asked what is the main objective of the face the reply should al elans be, Excellence in everything we do. They pursue this excellence because they know they are working towards improving the wellbeing of other people. Alkermes hopes to instil this equivalent hypothesis in the Athlone facility of the organization.They plan to acquire talented employees who show initiative, motivation and know their commitments are ultimately towards improving the health of their customers. They plan to enclothe up a R&D programme where employee engagement is encouraged and rewarded. Most importantly they indirect request to manage performance so that all processes are carried out in the most successful way. If all of these objectives are met the success of the organization should be easily obtained and worthwhile. RBV shows that people are strategically important to a firms success and that they are a potential source of sustainable competitive advantage.Alkermes have obtained a rare and valuable organizational ceiling in the form of the EDT unit they now must match this with a highly skilled human jacket crown that will get the best out of this technological resource. RBV focuses more on the HR pool, i. e. the employees than on the actual HR practice, so employees should have both a high level of skills and a willingness to achieve. Creating a grievous HR pool can be hard to imitate by competitors, so it can create a competitive advantage. High accept is always a major pull in attracting the best employees, as is perks, i. . company car and health benefits, as is bonus and new job opportunities for good work. Yet, Alkermes states that their commitments are ultimately towards the wellbeing of the patients that use their products. This will attract employees who feel they have a morale obligation to help people in need. This is an causa of attracting potential employees using a non-monetary policy. When exhausting to create a performan ce management policy for an organization you have to look at all the types of capital that affect performance, i. . human, social and organizational capital. RBV looks to integrate all the capital resources of an organization to create the most suited HR policy. Alkermes have already greatly amend their social and organizational capital by merging with Elan and using the EDT unit respectively. Now Alkermes have to look at managing the performance of their human capital. When trying to collect data on performance you cannot completely rely on employee reports via surveys about how they feel the HR strategy is working.You have to collect more quantative data. elate data on things such as production per hour rate and job turnover rate, this will give you a more in skill idea as to how employees are preforming. You can now use this information to decide on what reward and training systems to put in place to mend performance. Communication must be both upward and downward in an organ ization to discover how employees are performing. It will give you an idea on what employees want and if they are best suited to the post they are in.Good performance management will result in higher operating performance, which will translate into change magnitude profitability. Reward management is concerned with the implementation of strategies and policies that aim to reward people fairly, equally and consistently in accordance with their value to the organization. The objectives of reward management are to recruit and retain, motivate employees and to strengthen psychological contracts. They can be both monetary (bonuses) and non-monetary (esteem, i. e. job title).RBV looks at obtaining and holding onto the best possible employees, and the best way to retain them is through a strong reward system. Overall I believe that if Alkermes adopt the RBV approach and combine all of their resources by carrying out the objectives entailed they should be able to achieve their cooperate st rategy. I feel that the information presented in this report is a good guideline as to how they should carry out their objectives. hopefully the merger between Alkermes and Elan will run smoothly and will be profitable. References http//www. alkermes. com/ www. shrm. org. digitalcommons. com.

Overpopulation Issue

On July 11th, 1987, a baby girl born in capital of Red China hospital at midnight was what the government of China called baby vanadium billion. Whether or not the infant actually brought the total world population to five billion at that time, no on is certain. What is certain however, is that statistics continue to indicate that the number of people on this worldly concern is increasing at phenomenal speeds. A quarter of a million a day to be exactThe issue of overpopulation is angiotensin converting enzyme that is not new to the ears of environmentalist. The dangers, caused by our over indulgence of earth finite resources to satisfy our exp angiotensin converting enzymential population growth, are indeed very real.Experts have postulated that at the present rate of growth, the amount of food needed to flux the worlds population will soon outstrip production, resulting to global starvation.Tied closely to overpopulation is the phenomenon of species degeneration. The most succes sful members of the race are the ones having fewest children. The large majority of the species population growth is in areas where newly arrive children have a fairly poor chance of having a successful life. ( successful denoting safety, food, comfort and education)In view of this dilemma the pragmatic Chinese have adopted what is known as the one child policy, permitting no more than one child per couple. Their intentions were economics and political to reduce population, raise the average standard of living and thus achieve political stability. The policy has meant 300 million slight mouths to feed and has enable China to open up both economically and socially.China is an excellent example of the benefits which are possible in the implementation of the one child policy.Although m any(prenominal) pro-life and pro-choice activists may hastily rise to the occasion to argue that the one child policy is a violation of humans rights, their arguments are dwarfed by the great advanta ges the policy can bring to its upholders and their country.Our shamefully blase attitudes towards reproduction dominates our society. This policy however will promote safer sex minify incidents of, unwanted or teenage pregnancies and cases of sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS.What will the policy mean for people who desire a son collectible to ethical background though?Revolutionary genetic technology has enable these couples to choose the sex of their baby making sure it is born free of any detrimental diseases. One healthy child per family, who is extremely loved and wanted and who receives the best food and education will mean that our species can continue to take stronger and live on.Time though, is fast running out for our civilisation. Our fragile institutions of hard won freedoms, our legacy from all those who in the past have fought for progress, our freedom of speech, of movement, our systems of social welfare and education, our right to form unions and so on, wont survive once the food supply is outstripped by population growth. Hungry billions will be tempted to take drastic achievement in order to survive, anything may happen in such an unstable future. If any policy can help prevent such a mischance it is one policy certainly worth implementing.

Caffeine Community Essay

As we go somewhat our busy rifles, going here, there and everywhere like a settlement of ants building up supplies for the winter, we never in truth take a moment to reflection at the populace around us, stop to smell the roses, to coin a popular phrase. We never instructm to take in the sights, sounds, smells and feelings that we of 10 disconnect ourselves from in our obsession to make the world a perfect place. There is scarcely a moment that we stop to notice the other population around us that even though we do not know them from Adam, they could improve our lives without us even knowing it, if we just took the time for a smile and polite hello.These people mountain remind us that there is a diverse world of goals and aspirations. It is quite amazing where such an event can happen. Going for a daily coffee at a favorite cafe can bugger off about this epiphany. As one sits in this youthful coffee shop that caters to the needs of childlike and old alike, one can look around and plain see the decorative art work on the walls, the small scratches in the table that sits in front of you. But lets look at little deeper and see the true character of the environment around us. What brought about the scratch in the table.Is it just normal every day wear and draw caused by the earthly concerny people orgasm and going to take in their hurried morning coffee or could it, perhaps, be caused by say a bored adolescentr waiting for the long walk to school, using their pen to make back and forth marks in the table. As one sits and contemplates this, they can take a look around and recognize the other sights, sounds and smells of the little cafe. As one looks two tables a style, an elderly homophile helps his wife to the privy at their table with a gentle hand and beaming smile. They look into each others eyeball lovingly as a couple would do in an old time movie.He tells her, stomach a seat dear and Ill get our coffees. I still love you very much. The translucent voice patterns give away the fact that they are from New York, but they are very much home in their little coffee community. As the manager of the store brings over their order, they engage him in conversation about how he likes working at this particular place. In the meantime, a young man with the burly looks of a high school football player sits at the table next to the older couple and the gentleman begins a lively consult about the sport of football.A sudden, intoxicating smell of fresh brewed coffee and warm toasted bagels brings you out of your daydreams of a long and loving life with the man that you love, caused by the very happy couple. You look around to see a small table at the centerfield of the busy room. There sit a mother and young daughter. The mother seated at the edge of her seat at the table, sipping on her steamy latte, and desperately trying to relate to her young teenage daughter in an attempt to keep the close relationship with her that she shar ed when the girl was little and thought that her mother was the only person in the world.The young daughter, dressed in what appears to be a dingy soccer uniform, absently sips on her orange juice with a distant look in her eyes thinking that she would much rather anywhere else but here with her boring mother. Thinking perhaps of that grassy field where she could be playing soccer with her friends, or maybe she is in chemistry class, glancing out of the corner of her eye at the cute boy across the room that she has a crush on.The mother gets a mixed expression of pain and lonliness on her face as she realizes that as she tries to hold onto her daughter, that the young girl is slowly drifting away. But that is the way of life, we do all we can to keep the bonds with our children even though deep down we realize that one day soon, we will hit to send them from the nest to live their own lives. As the mother and daughter leave to spend their day with separate agendas, you hear the gra ting of metal against stone and look around to adjust the cause of the noise that makes your skin crawl and teeth hurt.You look up to see that the table by the window has grown from a six seat table for a cozy conversation for a small group, to a table fit for a Kings Court. Several smaller tables have been added to the larger one, reminding you of someone trying to piece together a jigsaw puzzle. The creators of this elaborate set up are the group of regular coffee drinkers that lift out each day enjoying each others company and sharing their lives with each other. They are so diverse in appearance and personality.There is Martha with her absolutely coifed hair, outrageously oversized jewelry and too bright red lipstick, she is outspoken and her laugh sounds eerily like a hyena. She laughs and gathers everyone around her wanting to be the center of attention because maybe she is ignored at home. Sitting next to Martha is Charles. The tall, slender man sits back in his chair with the ease of man who is comfortable with himself and the way his life is. He is wearing a set of earphones with a microphone on them and one wonders why on earth what use he would have for such a contraption.Then the question is answered a few minutes later when he places a hand held amplifier to his neck and welcomes the newcomers to the table with a insolent undecomposed morning and a beaming smile, sounding very much like an electronic voice from a computer. He obviously has had some tragedy that has caused him to lose the use of his vocal cords and possibly hearing and the entire set up is a way for him to communicate with others. The use of this machine is an familiar occurrence and is second nature to him now. Like he doesnt even know it is there. One has to wonder how this all came about.Is this a case of perfect strangers coming to start their lives each day in the same place? Perhaps this group of unique and diverse friends starts out with a simple smile, with an apprehe nsive good morning, like children on a playground for the first day of school trying to decide if it is okay to play with each other. Is it possible in this modern world where most people are concerned with number one that there are still people out there that are truly content with inviting others into their little world? You catch an additional name here and there, Tom, Grace, John and Mike.The smiles from the friends are genuine and the laughter is contagious. Everyone at this table is completely disparate in every way, yet very much the same. A diverse group with different backgrounds, goals, dreams, that found a common bond floating in a steamy, rich drink. Perhaps this group of friends started out like the two young men at the table next to mine. It is hard not to listen in on the lighthearted and endearing conversation that these two obviously longtime friends are having. The two men were best friends in school and because of circumstances beyond their control, were separate d to live their own lives.After spending four years being completely inseparable, the first young man left the country to value the freedoms of his friend, while the second young man went on to college to earn a degree to protect the rights of the second young man. Relaxed and happy as if it has not been ten years since they have seen each other, only keeping in touch through emails and the occasional phone call. The young men chatter on about their lives and families as easily as a pair of school girls lecture about the upcoming dance and what they are going to wear.They shuffle through a stack of conniptions of the lives that they shared together and separately. Pointing and laughing at the precious, shared memories of times past, reliving the past as it was only yesterday. When they first entered the cafe, the small amount of strain was obvious as they barely spoke as they ordered their coffees and bagels and then waited to pay. By the time they sat down across from each othe r they were talking more freely and growing more comfortable with each others company.Watching these two men can make someone virtually want to relive the past. Maybe go back and do things differently with a life that is half way gone. Looking at other peoples lives is like looking at a picture through a glass of water. We think we know what the real image is, it may look clear as a bell, but if we slow down for just a moment, remove the obstacle of the water and look closely and listen with earnest, we see that the picture we are envisioning in our minds may not be the reality of the lives we are surrounded by in this world.We tend to be so self-absorbed in our own lives, in our little world that leads us to believe that is revolves around us, which causes us to forget to look at the big picture and realize that we are all here together. There is an abundance of diversity and culture that we can see and listen to and learn from, and if we take the time to yield ourselves up to ot hers, to share what we feel and want with them and at the same time accept what they have to teach us about our lives, that we can enhance and enrich our lives in so many ways.

Of all the characters in the Crucible Essay

Of all the characters in the Crucible, John Proctor is perhaps the most admirable. He has strong personal principles and the courage to stand by them. Proctor strives to do what is right. He tries very hard to please Elizabeth because his affair with Abigail Williams has left him with a unlawful conscience. In exploit 2, he compliments Elizabeths rabbit stew, even though much of it is his own work. Its tumesce seasoned, he says. He labors constantly, for her well being, believing that this will make their relationship successful. Proctors first appearance, in Act 1, is his arrival from chopping wood in the forest.During much of Act 1 he is working. For example, he returns from a hunting trip and from planting seeds in his garden, on a cold winters day. Proctor believes in discipline and can be very stiff if he needs to. As is illustrated in Act 2. bloody shame Warren disobeys him and goes to the Salem trials as an official. On her return, he scolds her shouting, Ill official yo u Ill cut down the d devilish out of you He is against the trials, perhaps because he was never a strong Christian.In Act 2 he is told to recite the Ten Commandments. He starts, Thou shalt not stealcovet thy neighbours goods make unto thee any graven image bear false witness make unto thee any graven image. lastly stuttering and failing. We get an insight to his values in Act 2, when he shows his disapproval of the Salem Witch trials, saying Its a strange work to bring up old women. This is further illustrated, later in the same act, when his wife, Elizabeth, learns that she is accused of witchcraft. Proctor, deeply shocked, becomes very protective towards her.He says that they shall resist the charges and that There will be no noosefear nothing. Johns courage to stick by his beliefs is illustrated at the end of Act 2, when he stands up to court officials in a make out to oppose the charges against his wife. He tears up the arrest warrant, throws out the officials and rages Dam n the Deputy Governor Out of my house At the end of the play, in Act 4, John faces the ultimate test of his courage and moral values when he is faced with signing the document, where to lie would save his life. Proctor cannot sign the lie and exclaims Because it is my fall upon Because I lie and sign myself to lies Abigail Williams is undoubtedly the most despicable character in the play. Her young and innocent appearance c erstwhileals a sly, selfish and callous girl. Abigail had once been John Proctors lover, but was then rejected. She cannot bear the fact that John no longer loves her the path that she believes he used to, and that he wants to work that nothing ever happened. In Act 1, John says to her Wipe it out of mind. We never touched. Abigail is a deceitful person who does not care about the return of her actions. Her envy leads her to make false accusations against Elizabeth Proctor.She is a s assassinateful liar. This is illustrated in Act 3 when Abigail, after pur posely wounding herself, argues, in court, against Elizabeth saying I puddle been hurt Mr Danforth I done my duty pointing out the devils people and this is my reward? To be mistrusted, denied, questioned? Abigail has a bad name in the village because she is often seen doing mysterious things, such as conjuring spirits and more generally because of her malevolent character. This is illustrated in Act 1 where Betty exclaims, you did, you did You drank a charm to kill John Proctors wife Abigail then smashes Betty across the face and shouts shut it, shut it As the thoughts and ideas of witchcraft and devil worship spread through Salem, Abigail finds an easy way to get rid of her enemies without degrading her name any further. By accusing them, or convincing others to accuse, Abby is able to place many innocent people on trial for witchcraft. An example of this occurs at the end of Act 3, when Abigail, having convinced an assembly of girls to help her accuse Mary Warren, manipulates the situation. The assembly slowly descends into a screaming crisis, which makes Mary sound like a mad woman.Abigail uses this technique many times in the play. On this occasion, Mary Warren blames Proctor to save her life. The underlying evil of mindless persecution pervades this play. There are many characters to admire and despise. Abigail Williams deserves some sympathy, as she was callously cast aside by Proctor. Nevertheless, her decent into evil, surpasses them all Show poke only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur miller section.

Question Bank Essay

What is Softw atomic number 18 Development Life Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) outrankment Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the overall operation of developing information musical arrangements through a multi-step process from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, performance and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram for pure waterfall sprightliness cycle. (5 mks) pic c)Explain the contrasting kinds involved in waterfall life cycle. (8 mks) point I Modeling Phase In this chassis we view the package product as part of a larger agreement or organization where the product is required.This is basically a body view where all the emergement elements are created. Phase II computer software program package Requirements Analysis Here we concord a human body where the requirements are gathered. The information field of operation for the software is understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing of the software are determined. The requirements of the software and the node are decided upon. Phase one-third number This determines the data structures, the software architecture, the interface representations and the procedural (algorithmic) detail that goes into the software. Phase IV Code propagationHere the actual programming is done to obtain the machine code it is an implementation of the design. Phase V mental testinging The interrogatory is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the machine code. thither are a number of examen strategies. First unit examination is done and then consolidation testing. Alpha testing is to look on if the software is as per the analysis model whereas beta testing is to see if the software is what the customer wanted. Phase VI Installation The software is released to the customer. Phase VII Maintenance This is the largest phase of the software life cycle.Maintenance move be of different types to modify the software as the requirements of the customer evolve, to remove the residual bugs in the software etc. 2)What is feasibility study? What are the contents we should get in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility study is an initial look at an alive information processing system to decide how it might be computerized or improved. The contents that a feasibility report are A statement of purpose of the system. A definition of system scope. A distinguish of deficiencies of the current system. A statement of user requirements.The cost and benefits of increment. A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data merge diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an role model diagram of for each one. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a mover of representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of symbols video display data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data flow diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers. The diagrams are Graphical Eliminating thousands of words Logical representations Modeling WHAT a system does, kind of than physical models showing HOW it does it Hierarchical showing systems at any level of detail and Jargonless allowing user correspondence and reviewing. pic Entity Relationship Diagram E-R Diagram is a graphical representation of the data layout of a system at a high level of abstraction. It defines data elements and their inter-relationships in the system pic 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 examples for data modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is the act of exploring data-oriented structures.Like other modeling artifacts data models tail be used for a variety of purposes, from high-level abstract models to physical data models. From the point of view of an object-oriented developer, data modeling is conceptually similar to class modeling. With data modeling you invest entity types whereas with class modeling you identify classes. Data a ttributes are assigned to entity types just as you would assign attributes and operations to classes. Examples for data modeling admit Entity-Relationship diagrams Entity-Definition reports Entity and attributes report Table definition report Relationships, inheritance, composition and aggregation. 5)What is the difference between SRS memorial and design document? What are the contents we should contain in the SRS document and design document. SRS Document SRS document is a bid between the development team and the customer. Once the SRS document is approved by the customer, any subsequent controversies are settled by referring the SRS document. SRS document defines the customers requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design constraints. SRS Includes operating(a) Non functional User Interface System Design Document The purpose of a design is to eviscerate how the enhancements volition be incorporated into the live project. It should cont ain samples of the finished product. This could include navigational mechanism screenshots, example reports, and component diagrams. Design Includes E-R Diagrams Data flow diagrams Data Dictionary 6)Explain all the phases involved in the implementation phase. (10 mks) Conduct system Test In this test software packages and in house programs have been installed and tested, we ingest to conduct a final system test.All software packages, custom- built programs, and many an(prenominal) existing programs that make up the naturalfound system must be tested to ensure that they all work together This line involves analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Plan On successful completion of system test, we can begin preparations to identify the new system into operation. Using the design specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop a detailed conversion plan. This plan will identify Database to be installed, end user training and certificate t hat needed to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the new system.The conversion plan whitethorn include one of the following comm alone used instauration strategies 1)Abrupt Cut-over 2)Parallel Conversion 3) attitude Conversion 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To place the system into operation we need fully loaded databases. The purpose of this task is to populate the new systems databases with existing database from the old system. System builders play a primary role in this activity. Train Users Converting to a new system necessitates that system users be trained and provided with documentation that guides them through using the new system.Training can be performed one on one however group training is preferred. This task will be completed by the system analysts and involves system owners and users. Convert to New System Conversion to the new system from old system is a significant miles tone. After conversion, the ownership of the system officially transfers from the analysts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this task by carrying out the conversion plan Recall that the conversion plan includes detailed installation strategies to follow for converting from the existing to the new production information system.This task involves the system owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders. 7)List and explain different types of testing done during the testing phase. (10 mks) whole Involves the design of test cases that validate that the immanent program logic is operation properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. Unit testing involves the use of debugging technology and testing techniques at an application component level and is typically the tariff of the developers, not the QA staff. IntegrationAs the system is integrated, it is tested by the system developer fo r specification compliance. Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from its components Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the systems integration process Should focus on Interface testing where the interactions between sub-systems and components are tested post testing where system properties such(prenominal) as reliability, performance and usability are tested System Testing the system as a whole to validate that it meets its specification and the objectives of its users.The testing of a complete system preceding to delivery. The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will nevertheless surface when a complete system is assembled. That is, defects that cannot be attributed to individual components or the interaction between two components. System testing includes testing of performance, security, mannequin sensitivity, startup and recovery from failure modes. Involves test cases designed to validate that an application an d its supporting hardware/software components are properly processing business data and transactions.System testing requires the use of regression testing techniques to validate that business functions are meeting defined requirements. Black street corner This is testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item be tested. For example, when black stripewood testing is applied to software engineering, the quizzer would only know the legal inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but not how the program actually arrives at those outputs. It is because of this that black box testing can be considered testing with respect to the specifications, no other knowledge of the program is necessary.For this reason, the quizzer and the programmer can be independent of one another, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. snow-white recess Also known as glass box, structural, clear box and open box testing. White Box is a software testing technique whereby explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested are used to select the test data. Unlike Black Box testing, white box testing uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs. The test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do.He or she can then see if the program diverges from its think goal. White box testing does not account for errors caused by omission, and all visible code must besides be readable. 8)List and explain all the phases involved in the construction phase. (10 mks) figure of speech and Test Networks In many cases new or enhanced applications are built around existing networks. If so there is no problem. However if the new application calls for new or modified networks they must normally be apply before building and testing databases and writing or installing computer programs that will use those networks. This phase involves analysts, designers and builders A network designer and network administrator as sume the primary responsibility for completing this task. Build and Test Databases This task must immediately precede other programming activities because databases are the resource divided up by the computer programs to be written. If new or modified databases are required for the new system, we can now build and test those databases. This task involves system users, analysts, designers, and builders. The same system specialist that designed the database will assume the primary responsibility in completing this taskInstall and Test New Software Packages Some systems solutions may have required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so, once networks and databases for the new system have been built, we can install and test the new software. This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, vendors and consultants. Write and Test New Programs In this phase we are ready to develop any programs for the new system. Prototype programs are frequently co nstructed in the design phase. However, these prototypes are rarely fully functional or incomplete.This task involves the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion? Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is the changing of the data structure to deem new or different needs for the data. Different operating systems have different application software, and each application normally has its own internal way of saving data. There are some standards such as CSV files for databases and RTF files for word processing text, however, these are few and far between and often only go on the basic information rather than the full structure. 10)What is change management?Computer based systems are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a need of some changes to the information system. The changes occur not only during the study, design, and development phases of the life cycle of the system. In this process there are two elements that are necessity to the ma nagement of change. The performance review board, which can make managementlevel decisions about system modifications. service line documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and impact of proposed modifications. 11)What is user acceptance testing?Explain different testings in user acceptance testing. Why is it necessary? User Acceptance Testing is a phase of software development in which the software is tested in the literal world by the intended audience. Different testings are Alpha Testing Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the software is first able to run. It will not have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be able to accept inputs and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developers offices on a separate system. Beta TestingThe beta phase of software design exposes a new product, which has just emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, to a large number of real people, real hardwa re, and real usage. Beta testing is not a method of getting free software long-term, because the software expires before long after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients in-house) 12)What are functional and non-functional requirements? Functional How the system should react to the detail inputs How the system should behave to the particular situations What the system should not doNon functional Constraints on the services or functions Time constraints Constraints on the development process 13)Explain the steps involved in the prototyping 1. Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. 2. Make plans for iterations (number, range) and evaluations (dates). 3. Transform the conceptual design to a first outline of the user interface and a first synopsis for the users information. 4. Design the paper prototype. 5. Let domain experts review the paper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6. Test the prototypes usability.

Market Management – Aramex

Aramex Assessing Brand Strategy And the small shall act big Aramex is a prodigal growing brand with an exceptional business model which has been present in the middle east reigon for nearly 30 years and with a culture focused on innovations and entreprenuership, it is aiming to be recognised as the fifth part global express and logistics service provider Brand Personality Started very small with a sound visionary personality and alot of ambitious to grow big, Aramex is a founding member of the Global Distribution Alliance. What makes Aramex various from other express companies in the market? Armex is the only All in one total transfer provider, with high level of customised transportation solutions providing diversified services like international express delivery, clog forwarding, logistics, domestic express delivery, document falsifyment and a give awayping online service which is one of their extremelly succesful world-class innovations called shop and ship where customers stick out go online and get a US- or UK-based address assigned by Aramex, do their shopping and get their packages delivered to that domestic address in the US or UK.Aramex picks up (the shopping) and brings it over to the component part (the raptus). Delivery Unlimited The slogan reviles the go outingness of the company to drive home a footprint on each shoetree across the globe, expansions strategies have already taken place as the company have announced the acquicition of Ireland-headquartered Aquaship Agencies, which will strengthen the presence of Aramex in the Irish market and will expand its ocean freight capabilities in Europe.What Message do they deliver on their websites? Aramex develops a unique brand image through their website, they lay down excellency in all areas, they have developed many electronic tools enabling the customers to manage their shipping needs, tools such as Shipment Status Notification where customers can get updates on their shipments on day- to-day or weekly basis. Customers also can track their shippments by SMS, just by sending their shippment add together to Aramex.All these services benefiting the customers which are done in a unique way have made aramex to subscribe to a distinctive place in the mind of their customers. How do their staff interact with customers? Speed, reliabilty and trust can be easily noticed in aramex staff, they are every where, dourices, motorcycles,vans, trucks, boats and 24 hours call center and societal netwroking websites. A customer can contact aramex on their Facebook page, simply by writing his/her query on their wall and aramex will reply instantly.With a team who is expert in their field, they can easily manage customers requirments. What customers think when they think of Aramex? Always there on epoch, and to reach that, aramex is proactive in engaging with their customers , they have a highly Trained Customer Management Teams who conduct customer survays to have a remediate u nderstanding of customer needs in order to improve the quality of their customer services.Features/Benefits of Aramex services Aramex makes offers from time to time to attarct potential customers and to atract thir current customers to a particular service, few months ago MasterCard cardholders would receive 50% off the membership and 10% off all shipping charges. This offer enabled cardholders to enjoy Shop and Ships renowned comfort station and reach at even lower rates.

Han Dynasty and China Essay

1 paragragh mainland china experience the fall, absence, and ultimately the re-establishment of imperial authority while Confucianism prevailed through all levels of society from the spot of 100-600 C. E. The history of china has often been a history of periods of political unity interrupted by periods of political division. During the classical period from 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , the Chinese experienced the Han dynasty which was an initially strong and efficient dynasty, until it had a gradual decline and eventually collapsed.This led to a long period of chaos and finally reunification again. During this time of unification, division, and reunification, many cultural and political interchanges occurred while other cultural patterns and ideas persisted. 2nd China in 100 CE was down the stairs the Han rule which had begun in 202 BCE. Under the Han dynasty the rulers created an efficient and well governed empire. The Han expanded China hundreds of miles to the west, north, and south and had many innovations much(prenominal) as the expansion of the Great wall.The people followed the teachings and values of Confucianism. They were so strong that they have lasted throughout the centuries of Chinese history and is still well-known today. The Chinese civilization lived in a patriarchal society and Confucius teachings created a guide to how a good family should live. Patriarchy was a continuity for Chinese civilization during the classical period. numerous of his beliefs and values survived and withstood many changes to come 3rd Towards 200 CE things began to change and the Han dynasty began to fall.It first began with the bureaucratic system, it was comme il faut more corrupt with unqualified officials, etc. , and the political structure of China started to fall apart. Peasants became poorer and diseases started to spread make many to die. The nomads unplowed trying to invade and the unstable government didnt do much to rouse them back. This ultimately le d to the Hans demise. 4th When the Han dynasty fell in 220 CE, China was left in a state of turmoil for about 300 years called the militant States Period. At this time Chinas cultural unity was endangered by the spread of Buddhism. Luckily for Chinas streak of continuity, the trinity century period of chaos ended with the rise of the Song/Tang Dynasties, which would excessively revive Confucianism. This was also one of Chinas continuities, the rising and falling of dynasties which remained in Chinas history for centuries. During the Warring States period, the Great Wall became divided between kingdoms and was poorly defended so nomads invaded and overtook the northern plains.Trade and city look declined, technology ceased, and intellectuals wasted away. In 589 CE the Song Dynasty was created which began to revive the country which had been in turmoil for so long. Bureaucracy was reinstated which a scholar gentry administration. By the time the Song era ended China was well on it s way to becoming a stable nation again. 5 During the classical era, the Chinese civilization underwent major changes in their government. Despite the nomadic invasions that occurred, they remained strong and united.This was probably because China had a truly solid social and political system that was based off of Confucianism and rulers who unified the Chinese culture. The cause of change in Chinas government in the classical era can be cod to the weakened government plus the nomadic invasions being the final blow in destroying the Han dynasty. Confucianism kept China together, socially. Despite the many changes that took place between 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , China always leveled out culturally and kept their cultural continuity due to Confucius and how his teachings united China.

Cyberbullying Essay: Define, Prevention and Effects

The model answer forCyber strong-arm Essay. organize of EssayIntroduction Definition of Cyberbullying, instances, how cyberbullying begins, age group cyberbullying is most active.Effects of Cyberbullying Mental & Physical, Isolation, effect on friends and familyHow To Prevent Cyberbullying Steps to be taken by p arnts, direct authorities, g overnmentConclusionCyberbullying Essayco.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/maxresdefault-2-1024x576.jpg alt=Cyberbullying Essay width=755 circus tent=425 /What is Cyberbullying?1. IntroductionDefinition Cyberbullyingis the act of bullying in the plant of digital media or devices. It is a modern term for bullying, which emerged with the come out of the internet and mobile devices.Cyberbullying takes place on digital devices homogeneous cell phones, computers, and tablets. It ordure take the form of texts through SMSes, online chat forums, social networking sites and gaming forums. Acts such as posting, sending or sharing ban content that is h armful, mean or obscene, defines cyberbullying.Cyberbullying understructure also take the form of virtuall(a)y illegal corporal activities and un practice of lawful behavior. The internet is the place where cyberbullying is most common. Social media sites like Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram, to name a few ar the most common sites for cyberbullying.With the introduction of free messaging apps, the instances of cyberbullying have increase. The rampant(ip) use of mobile phones has brought cyberbullying at the tip of fingers and cyberbullies make use of these technologies to prey on potential victims.Examples and Instances of CyberbullyingBorn in 1996, Amanda Todd was like every other teenager with dreams and a fascination for the internet. She met a stranger online who flattered her and convinced her to go topless. The stranger took pictures of her and unplowed stalking here for several other shows. When she tried to fight back the photos were sent to her family and friends. Aft er which, she was abuse and disrespected in rail by her friends.Going into major depression and anxiety, she tried taking her own c beer several times and finally succeeded. A month before she killed herself she released a video telling her story which became viral by and by her death and people corporealized how dreadful it was.This is aprime example of how cyberbullying shadow destroy innocent.How Cyberbullying BeginsWe live in a world dominated by technology and non lone(prenominal) teenagers, but adults too are addicted to the use of electronic devices and the internet. The internet has played a major role in connecting the entire world and individuals from across the continents.Cyberbullying starts in the virtual(prenominal) world. The cyberbullies enjoy the anonymity and the unmeasured reach of the internet to prey on unsuspecting and potential victims. Once they get hold of something ad hominem of the victim, they start to either blackmail or harass them.Age Group in Which Cyberbullying is Most ActiveVictims of cyberbullying are most commonly from the age group of 12 to 18. Teenagers get attracted to the online glamour and the attention that they get from strangers. The virtual fandom is what they seek, and they tend to do things for gaining followers on social sites such as Facebook and Instagram. But older victims can get caught in it too. School students are easy to target, and if they have a bully within they school then, it becomes to a greater extent difficult to escapism the bullying.2. Effects of CyberbullyingMental And Physical EffectsCyberbullying can result in increased distress for the victims along with increased anger and frustration. They pass on vent this out on various occasions, and it susceptibility force them to get addicted to the virtual world where they can have several identities to hide their real one.The victims result automatically have lower self-esteem since that is the sole purpose of bullying. Prolonged bul lying will lead to severe withdrawal from their family and friends. They will begin favoring isolation most of the time and indulging in harmful activities like drugs and alcohol.Feel Alone and IsolatedMost of the victims are forced to stay away from both and all social sites in a bid to escape the cyberbullies. They separate themselves to feel a aesthesis of protection form the outer world. Most of the victims do not reveal anything to their parents or family members to disappoint them. To escape the bullies, they may try to change their schools or home, but they are hardly able to escape the handle of the tormentors.Most of the time the victims would give up fighting the bullies and kill themselves to escape the pain and horrors of the continuous cyberbullying.Disinterested in Attending SchoolIf a schoolmate bullies akid, then the first way for him to avoid the bullying is to stop handout to school. He/she would choose to skip classes to escape the tormentors temporarily. The feeling of embarrassment and humiliation from the ally students will prevent the kid to return to school and have a healthy school life. Their grades will start dropping, and most of the time they will drop out.Victims Might Get illApart from the vernacular mental and physical effects of cyberbullying, it can take a toll on the health of the victim. Symptoms like headaches and stomach problems are very often seen in the victims. It can also result in issues that are caused due to stress like various skin conditions and stomach ulcers. Due to binge eating or skipping meals several weight issues can arise, and they might have to deal with insomnia and other sleeping disorders.3. How To Prevent Cyberbullying? mark VictimsIdentifying victims may be a challenge if they are introverts initially, but every victim leaves off some prominent clues to their condition and their troubles. Isolating oneself and staying alone is one such clue. If they seem to be depressed all the time or are usu ally anxious and angry, then it may signal that they are going through some form of bullying.Steps to be taken by Parents and Family MembersThe primary step is to prevent the kids from attack in contact with these harmful and dangerous predators that are always prowling about for a victim. Try to take note the computer in a common area and stay updated with all the latest websites and trends on the internet. read them about the internet and how to use it responsibly and safely.Communication is an essential step in getting to last about their situation. Talking to the child will help in building trust, and they will be more comfortable in sharing their troubles with the parents. Once they share what is happening, try not to overreact and blame them for the incident. drive them to be strong and let them know that they will always have their parents by their side. Cyberbullying is an actual nemesis and not a childish thing. Realizing the gravity of the situation is most-valuable in solving it.Steps to be Taken Schools and CollegesThe faculties should be aware of any student showing the signs of being a bully or being bullied. If they have any concern, then they should delicately handle the situation and inform the authorities to take over the case. Schools should have counselors to assist the students and help them overcome any tough situation.Steps to be Taken as a Country and Laws NecessaryLaws against cyberbullying have been in place for quite some time though they were introduced after many such cases were highlighted. The rules are designed to protect the victim and keep the case information confidential. The law enforcement authorities should be proactive in the investigation of such a situation unlike in the Amanda Todd case where the police were slow in taking action and did not consider the matter important which ultimately cost the life of an innocent kid.4. ConclusionCyberbullying is a serious issue, and it can be truly hideous to go through s uch a difficult period. Staying strong and fighting back is the only picking against these bullies. Its possible to get over it and live your life again. Seeing a counselor can help the victims handle the incident in a better and a safe way. Life does not get over if you are a victim of cyberbullying and it is possible to fight back.Statistics Regarding Cases of CyberbullyingAccording to the US incision of Justice, in the year 2010 to 2011, 9% of the total students aged between 12 and 18 were cyberbullied.A watch conducted the year 2012 it was found that almost 55.2% of students belonging to the LGBTQ community were cyberbullied. Over the past years the rate of cyberbullying has increased, and in the year 2016, a survey found that the number of people who have faced cyberbullying at to the lowest degree once in their lifetime doubled from about 18% to nearly 34%.This is evidence of how rampant cyberbullying is becoming. By the year the percentage of high school students who were bullied had become 5%, and the percentage of middle school students who had become victims of cyberbullying was 24%. Through the help of several surveys, it was found that girls were targeted more than boys in cases of cyberbullying.

Analysis of Divisional Performance of Asian Paints Ltd

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT ON ADVANCED exist account ANALYSIS OF DIVISIONAL PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN PAINTS LTD SUBMITTED TO -SUBMITTED BY DR. G. SHANMUGHASUNDARAM A. PURUSHOTHAMAN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M. COM (BUSINESS FINANCE) DEPT. OF COMMERCE 2nd grade PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY REG. NUMBER 11351059 INTRODUCTION DIVISIONAL PERFOMANCE OF COST CENTRE AND PROFIT CENTRE A clams mall is a building block of a company that gene vagabonds revenue in excess of its expenses. The main aim of profit nerve centre is to earn profit.The performance of profit centre is evaluated in terms of whether the centre has been achieved its budgeted profit A embody centreis a business building block that is only responsible for thecoststhat it incurs. The manager of a cost centre is not responsible forrevenuegeneration or asset usage. The performance of a cost centre is usually evaluated through the comparison ofbudgetedto true(a) costs. The costs incurred by a cost centre may be aggregated into acost pooland allocated to other business building blocks. investing centre is responsible for both profit and investment.The investment centre manager has control over revenue, expenses and the get along invested in the current assets. The following are the techniques used to ginmill the divisional performance of cost centre and profit centre * Variance analysis * Profit * Return on investment * marketplace assign COST PER building block Cost refers to the totality cost incurred for the production. So cost per unit refers to the cost incurred for producing 1 unit. Normally we used the below formula to calculate the cost per unit Cost/unit = total cost / No. of unit produced COST PER UNIT year Production Total expenses COST PER UNIT 008 40946. 7 559586 0. 073173203 2009 50418. 7 602922 0. 083623918 2010 57937. 2 732142 0. 079133829 2011 72582. 9 849056 0. 085486587 Interpretation The above table and chart shows the cost per unit of A sian paints India ltd. They incurred highest cost per unit in the year 2011. This may because increasing the cost of raw stuff and nonsense or other charges etc. It is go to have frown cost per unit because when cost per unit increases the total cost will increase. That in turn reduces the profitability of a firm. In the 2008 the firms have dishonor cost per unit of production compared to other years.So may be this year the profit is increased. The cost per unit is higher in the years 2011 and 2009. COST VARIANCE Cost magnetic declination (CV) is the beat of money that was actually spent on a project or a part of a project compared to the amount of work that was actually accomplished. Cost variance = Budgeted cost of work performed The actual cost of work performed. social class make out COST STANDARD COST VARIANCE DECISION 2008 40946. 7 61276. 54 -20329. 84 A 2009 50418. 7 61276. 54 -10857. 84 A 2010 57937. 2 61276. 54 -3339. 34 A 2011 72582. 9 61276. 54 11306. 6 F 2012 84,497. 20 61276. 54 23220. 66 F Interpretation Here from 2008 to 2010 there is a favorable situation because in these years actual cost is less than standard cost. In 2011 and 2012 actual cost exceeds standard cost. That may be because of increase in the cost/unit in these years. gross revenue VARIANCE gross sales variance is the difference between actual sales and budget sales. It is used to measurement the performance of a sales function, and/or analyze business results to better understand market conditions. Sales variance = Actual sales standard sales Segment 1= Paint course SALE STANDARD gross revenue VARIANCE DECISION 2008 39062. 2 51731. 3 -12669. 1 A 2009 48641. 9 51731. 3 -3089. 4 A 2010 56135 51731. 3 4403. 7 F 2011 63086. 1 51731. 3 11354. 8 F Segment 2= Others YEAR SALE STANDARD SALES VARIANCE DECISION 2008 1731. 7 1717. 375 14. 325 F 2009 1634. 5 1717. 375 -82. 875 A 2010 1774 1717. 375 56. 625 A 2011 1729. 3 1717. 375 11. 925 A TOTAL SALES VARIANCE YEAR TOTAL SALES STANDARD COST VARIANCE DECISION 2008 40,946. 70 62,655. 72 -21,709. 02 A 2009 50,418. 70 62655. 72 -12,237. 02 A 2010 57,937. 0 62655. 72 -4,718. 52 A 2011 72,582. 90 62655. 72 9,927. 18 F 2012 91,393. 10 62655. 72 28,737. 38 F INTERPRETATION Sales variance is higher in the year 2012 which means that company sold more than standard sales in the year 2012. And the 2011 also have the favorable value but it is lower than 2012. From 2008 to 2010 company cannot sold more than standard sales. That is an unfavorable situation for the company. MARKET SHARE The percentage of an pains or markets total sales that is earned by a particular company over a specified time period is known as market share.Market share is calculated by victorious the companys sales over the period and dividing it by the total sales of the industry over the same period. This careful is used to give a general idea of the size of a company to its market and its competitors. Market share Year Total sales Industrial sales Market share 2008 40,946. 70 348047 11. 76 2009 50,418. 70 393266 12. 82 2010 57,937. 20 260717 22. 22 2011 72,582. 90 834703 8. 70 2012 91,393. 10 868,234. 00 10. 53 Interpretation federation has highest market share in the year 2010. It is decreased in the resultant years may be because of increased price of the products.WORKING CAPITAL TURN OVER proportionality A measurement comparing the depletion of works(a)(a) jacket crownto the generation of sales over a given period called as working hood turn over ration. Thisprovides some useful informationas to how effectively a company is exploitationits working capital to generate sales. WORKING CAPITAL TURN OVER RATIO YEAR TOTAL SALES CURRENT ASSETS CURRENT LIABILITIES WC WCTOR 2008 40,946. 70 8,686. 30 8018. 6 667. 70 61. 32 2009 50,418. 70 10,403. 70 7811. 4 2,592. 30 19. 45 2010 57,937. 20 11,981. 00 10588. 7 1,392. 30 41. 61 2011 72,582. 90 15,475. 70 11952. 3,522. 90 20. 60 2012 91,393. 10 19,927. 70 16008. 9 3,91 8. 80 23. 32 Interpretation Here working capital ratio is higher in the year 2008. This means that company may have adequate working capital for their operation in 2008. Working capital to ratio is very lower in the subsequent years (i. e. 2009 to 2012), it shows that company is struggled with inadequacy of working capital in that years. INVENTORY TURN OVER RATIO Inventory Turnover Ratio is one of the efficiency ratios and measures the number of times, on average, the inventory is sold and replaced during the fiscal year.Inventory Turnover Ratio formula is year Total sales opening depot closing stock Avg stock ITOR 2008 40,946. 70 40,946. 70 42,954. 70 41,950. 70 97. 61 2009 50,418. 70 50,418. 70 52,427. 70 51,423. 20 98. 05 2010 57,937. 20 57,937. 20 59,947. 20 58,942. 20 98. 29 2011 72,582. 90 72,582. 90 74,593. 90 73,588. 40 98. 63 INTERPRETATIONA low inventory dollar volume ratio is a signal of inefficiency, since inventory usually has a rate of return of zero. It also implies both poor sales or excess inventory. A low turnover rate can indicate poor liquidity, possible overstocking, and obsolescence, but it may also reflect a planned inventory buildup in the case of material shortages or in anticipation of rapidly move up prices. In our case the 2008 has the lower turnover rate. A high inventory turnover ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying (the company buys too often in mild quantities, therefore the buying price is higher).A high inventory turnover ratio can indicate better liquidity, but it can also indicate a shortage or inadequate inventory levels, which may lead to a loss in business. Here the years from 2009 to 2011 there is constant turnover rate. return ON INVESTMENT A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of aninvestment or to compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. The objective of every firm is to earn a satisfactory return on capital invested. This is the measure of succe ss i. e. it shows the overall profitability of the firm. ROI = PAT/ cap. use YEAR PBIT CAPILAT EMPLOYED ROI 2008 5925. 9,285. 00 63. 81583199 2009 6075. 9 10,944. 70 55. 51454128 2010 10526. 9 15,572. 20 67. 60059593 2011 11636. 7 19,753. 20 58. 91045501 2012 14,086. 30 24,877. 80 56. 62196818 INTERPRETATION The above table and chart implies us, The ROI is higher in the year 2008. The Company gets 63. 82% as return on investment. This may because in this year company sold more than the standard sales. So return on investment is increased. Company received lowest ROI in the year 2009 CONCLUSION The Asian paints ltd is having an indifferent performance levels, they have both positive and negative performance indicators.The sales variance is for the destruction two years is favorable for the company, and also all other indicators such as cost variance favorable for the firm. Another thing is that market share of the company shows a decreasing trend ascribable to decrease in sales. The inventory and working capital of the company is also not good. So it is in-chief(postnominal) for the company to focus on to improve sales volume with higher turnover, better maintenance of working capital. And to try to get more return on investment by adopt necessary measure and techniques.